Assessment of Grid Unreliability and Strategies for Improving Electricity Supply in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of grid unreliability and its impact on residents in Nigeria, with a specific focus on Rivers State. Leveraging a combination of survey data, statistical analyses from previous studies, and expert consultations, the research examines various facets of grid unreliability and explores potential avenues for improvement. Key findings reveal that a substantial proportion of residents in Rivers State face frequent power interruptions, with coping strategies ranging from generators to candles. These disruptions have wide-ranging consequences, affecting household chores, education, health, and finances. The research highlights the significant reliance on environmentally unfriendly energy sources during outages, with ecological implications. Additionally, the study uncovers low awareness among respondents regarding government and utility company initiatives aimed at addressing grid reliability issues. The primary drivers of grid unreliability include transmission line losses from aging infrastructure, insufficient generation due to gas supply constraints, high energy costs, economic inequality in access, energy theft, and policy inconsistencies. Political factors—such as misaligned appointments, corruption, and inadequate technical leadership—further compound grid instability. To improve future grid reliability, the study recommends comprehensive actions: infrastructure investment, policy stability, diversification of energy sources, economic support for vulnerable consumers, enhanced metering systems, skilled workforce deployment, and informed governance. Findings from this study have relevance not only for Rivers State but also for other regions in Nigeria and Africa facing similar energy challenges.